On the Erodibility of Rock and Other Earth Materials
An outline of a new method to determine the erodibility of rock and other earth and engineered earth material is presented. The method quantifies the relative capacity of the boundary...
Sandstone Materials Used as Riprap
A study was conducted to determine if sandstone materials could be potentially used as riprap. Nineteen rock samples (16 sandstone samples) were collected in six western states. The rock...
Thresholds for Gravel and Cobble Motion
Flows necessary to initiate motion of rocks on a lateral bar along the Gunnison River in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument are observed. Gravel and cobbles are painted and...
Computer-Integrated Construction
Computers have been used quite successfully as replacements for manual drafting, but to stop there seriously underuses the potential of computer aided design. By using the computer's...
Water on Stone
Schal Bovis, a Chicago construction-services firm, has shown that Japan is not entirely a closed market. With more than a dozen major Japanese projects under its belt, it has broken through...
Design of Shotcrete Support from the Rock Mechanical Viewpoint
When designing tunnel support the key question is to determine the loading conditions resulting from the deformation of the rock mass during and after excavation. Principle views are given...
Design and Application of Integrated Shotcrete Linings for Underground Openings in Weak Rock Masses
Tunnels and caverns excavated in weak rock masses require special consideration in terms of shotcrete lining design. Shotcrete as a support medium for weak rock provides major benefits...
Guidelines for Shotcrete Support in Hard Rock
The writer is working on a handbook on shotcrete in hard rock. The work is sponsored by the Swedish Power Board, Development Division. The main contents are: Choice of shotcrete support...
Active Tunnel Design?A New Concept for Predesign, Contractual Lay-out and Construction Management
Active tunnel Design is a new concept for design, layout of specification and contract, and for construction management of tunnels and underground carverns. Investigations yeild more information...
Technical Note: STC-40 Shotcrete Adhesion In Situ Tester
It is essential that the shotcrete when reinforcing the rock mass achieves a good adhesive bond to the rock surface. The strength of that bond can be controlled by pull out testing either...
Guidelines for Shotcreting and Current Development in the Wet-Mix Technique in Finland
Guidelines for shotcreting were written based on the literature survey and shotcreting trials. During shotcreting trials existing Norwegian and Middle-European wet-mix shotcreting concepts...
Site Measurement of Shotcreting Dust
Shotcreting is broadly used today as an excellent lining system, which enables to assure rapidly the stability of excavated rock surface. This system however leaves room for improvements...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Various Techniques for Fiber Reinforcement
Placing wire netting in thin shotcrete layers was found to be a difficult, dangerous and time-wasting method. Searching for other ways to reinforce the concrete, it has been found that...
Route 5: Steel Fibre Shotcreting in Shing Mun Tunnels Hong Kong?Specifying for Innovation
The Shing Mun tunnels form the central 2.6 km length of the Route 5 Highway connecting Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin New Towns, Hong Kong. The crossing of one of the areas was particularly difficult,...
The Introduction of Steel Fibre Shotcrete to Underground Cavern Support in Taiwan
The Mingten project is located in a sheared, sandstone rock mass near a regional fault. The design philosophy introduced steel fibre shotcrete as a permanent cavern support in Taiwan....
Reinforced Shotcrete Linings as Part of an Integrated Support System Used in a High Stress Mining Environment
Shabanie and King Mines are situated in the Southern part of Zimbabwe, some 60 km apart and approximately 200 km east of Bulawayo. They are the largest underground operations in Zimbabwe...
Block Dynamics Modeling in Support of Seismic Design
The behavior of an underground excavation is usually characterized by stresses and displacements which develop around the excavation as a result of prevailing field conditions. For conventional...
Dynamic Response of Tunnels in Jointed Rocks
We describe the application of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to the dynamic analysis of the response of tunnels in jointed rocks to earthquake loading. In situations where large motions...
Geophysical Methods for Fracture Characterization in and Around Potential Sites for Nuclear Waste Disposal
Historically, geophysical methods have been used extensively to successfully explore the subsurface for petroleum, gas, mineral, and geothermal resources. Their application, however, for...
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